Ezra-Nehemiah

Ezra-Nehemiah (Wisdom Commentary, 14) Deborah Ann Appler and Terry Ann Smith. Liturgical Press (ISBN: 9780814681138) 2025.

Summary: A feminist commentary with background and intersectional analysis of power, ethnicity, race, class, and gender in the text.

The Wisdom Commentary series from Liturgical Press is dedicated to feminist interpretation of biblical texts. This includes foregrounding texts involving women but also brings feminist analysis in a broader sense to the whole of a text. And this means noting the hidden presence of women in places where the text is silent and the cultural situation of women. In addition, feminist interpretation includes an intersectional analysis of not only gender dynamics but also the intersection of power and authority, race and ethnicity, and class in a given text. This is important in the study of Ezra-Nehemiah. While women are mostly absent in the text, power, class, and ethnicity play an important part. Often, other commentaries overlook this.

I will note a few other general features. One is the inclusion of the NRSVue text in the commentary. The second is the treatment of the text in blocks rather than verse by verse. Finally, there is a commitment to interpretive and religious pluralism in the text. Additional contributors offer their own perspectives at various points. For example, in the Nehemiah commentary on sabbath, Rabbi Sonja K. Pilz offers her interpretation and reading of Kabbalat Shabbat (Welcoming Sabbath)

In my review, I will highlight several of the illuminating discussions in the commentary. The first concerned the gender identity of Nehemiah. The commentators raise the question of whether Nehemiah, as a court official, was a eunuch. This may provide one explanation for his expressed unworthiness to enter the temple. We can’t know for sure, but it is plausible.

A larger issue is the power dynamics between Persia and the repatriates. Likewise, consider the relationship of repatriates, empowered by Persia, to the indigenous people, both Jewish and non-Jewish. The commentators read the conflicts in Ezra and Nehemiah not merely as an effort to maintain identity and purity. They also explore the assertion of power by the arriving repatriates that upsets working relationships among the indigenous inhabitants of the land. They raise questions about the exclusory use of power of the repatriates.

These factors also come into play in the texts in both Ezra and Nehemiah involving separating and sending away the foreign wives and their children of Jewish men. The commentators read this “against the grain” of typical assertions of religious and ethnic identity. It is an early form of family separation in which the women had no voice. The commentators raise the question of other exceptions made for foreign women, including Ruth the Moabitess.

Ruth strike me as an interesting case. Ruth clearly renounces her Moabite identity and religion to embrace that of Naomi. We do not know whether this was the case with any of the foreign wives or whether this was an option. Could there have been a “path to citizenship” that allowed for these thing? Instead, there was a categorical and draconian exclusion on several occasions.

While I could not accept every interpretation of the authors, I found this commentary opening new dimensions of what I thought was a well-known text. I appreciated the readability of the text, and setting the biblical text alongside the commentary. At the same time, scholarship was not sacrificed for readability, particularly as it concerned cultural backgrounds. I’m grateful for the growing number of commentaries by women, people of color, and from those representing different parts of the church. Too late, I have realized the cultural blinders I’ve lived with. It’s time to prepare to join that great community of every people of every identity who will be praising and proclaiming the Lamb.

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Disclosure of Material Connection: I received a complimentary copy of this book from the publisher for review.