Is Reading Solitary or Social?

I probably drank too much caffeine yesterday and so had a restless night. So I was up for about an hour and read a couple essays in a recent book titled The Edge of the Precipice: Why Read Literature in the Digital Age? edited by Paul Socken. One particular essay caught my attention: “Solitary Reading in an Age of Compulsory Sharing”.  The author extolled the glory of reading as a solitary activity in an era where social media tracks most of our activity (including the books we read if we use vehicles like GoodReads). He worried that linkages between sites like Amazon and Facebook could mean that all the books we purchase could become “updates”, and even the use of e-readers could provide information about our reading habits. Print books purchased offline and read privately preserve that wonderful solitary experience, which he differentiates from loneliness.

As an introvert, I get this. Sometimes, having my nose in a book is the equivalent of posting a sign that says, “Leave me alone!” (though I also find that this often doesn’t work!). More than that, reading as we usually practice it, is a solitary act in the sense that words on a page engage and evoke thoughts and emotions in my inner person–sometimes enjoyment, sometimes perplexity, sometimes intense interest in a novel idea that rearranges my mental furniture. I can be in a coffee shop or alone in the family room and no one knows what is transpiring–unless I tell them.

At the same time, I note that the author of this essay differentiated being solitary from being lonely. I would contend that in fact, reading is never solitary because we are always engaged with another mind, and that is why we are not lonely. Last night while my wife was in dream land, I was mentally engaged in an argument with this essay’s writer. I was alone, yet not alone. While I was the solitary figure in my living room, I could not engage in reading alone–I needed another in order to have someone to read.

And so I would contend that reading, even apart from reading aloud, discussing books in groups, blogging and posting about books, is an inherently social activity, and one of the profoundest because in reading, I enter deeply in the thought world of another. I guess this is where I struggled with the essayist. To me, it seemed to be all about his experience of the book alone. For me, reading is about entering the world of another–someone I may never meet physically–but someone who I’ve become intimately involved with in the sense of entering their thought world, their vision of the world, their arguments. I both do this, and step back and think about what I admire, what I would want to explore more, what I would question.

I also found the writer kind of snarky about social media–particularly the idea of social media monetizing the things we share (which I will concede happens). At least he wasn’t being snarky about social media on social media! Certainly I’ve seen some of the same things he does–the people on GoodReads who never read anything, the mean-spirited reviews on Amazon that substitute attack for critique. Social media, like all our technologies, is a double-edged sword. What I am intrigued with is the project of using social media to foster a community of those who love significant conversations, who want to share what they are reading and thinking. I work in a national organization and I have the chance to interact with colleagues across the country who I may see once a year or less. I’ve had the chance to intersect with like-, and differently-minded bloggers. I’ve heard from total strangers who found a book I reviewed of interest or help to them. And my interest in a book has been piqued by the review of another.

Moreover, I love discussing books with my Wednesday morning book group. My wife and I sometimes read devotional literature aloud together or read aloud on car rides. So I would contend that, apart from the fact that I’m not talking to the human beings around me when I read, reading is an inherently social act, and one that is even richer with the personal and virtual social interactions we might have around our books.

But this brings up a question that might be the subject of a future post: can we be in solitude without books or any other form of external input? This may be one of the greatest challenges for us in an age where we undergo a 24/7 bombardment of media.

 

 

Ethics for Reviewers?

Apparently there are some people making a cottage industry of reviewing famous authors on Amazon and giving them one star, terrible reviews. A New Statesman article chronicles how Anne Rice and others are petitioning Amazon to ban anonymous reviews and requiring verifiable identities. Frankly, it seems this may just give these reviewers more attention. But it raises the question of reviewer ethics.  Here is my proposed code of ethics:

1. If you can’t put your name to a review, don’t write it–or at least don’t publish it.

2. Don’t use mean reviews as a way to attract lots of views or followers. It seems to me this is a poor substitute for good writing. It also suggests you are a very poor chooser of books to read and review. Do you really want to spend your life reading and slamming bad books?

3. Read the books you review. If I can’t finish a book I won’t review it.

4. If you have a problem with a book, be specific. Cite the instances where the writing is poor, facts are in error, or the specifics of why you take issue with a writer’s argument.

5. Don’t engage in ad hominem attacks. Your assessment that a book is bad or a plot is faulty or an argument has problems doesn’t mean the writer is a bad person. Separate the book from the person.

6. Disclose any facts that might bias a review, even if they don’t, such as receiving a free review copy of a book or a personal relationship with an author.

7. Practice the golden rule. Treat writers as you would like to be treated. That doesn’t mean using kid gloves but it does mean being as fair and even-handed as you can be in reviewing a book. Remember that someone can review your stuff as well!

8. I’ve decided in providing links to a book to link to the publisher’s website rather than a certain online vendor if at all possible. This allows people to purchase from the vendor of their choice–perhaps that local bookshop down the road–rather than providing expedited access to that certain online vendor. I post reviews on that vendor’s site only if asked by the author or by a publisher providing a review copy of the book.

Reviews serve a valuable function in helping people know whether or not they should buy a particular book. That carries with it a certain responsibility, not only to book buyers but authors and publishers as well. It doesn’t mean serving as a publicist for a book. It means commending good works that might not otherwise come to a person’s attention. It means helping someone understand whether a book will serve their interest in buying it. It can give useful critiques to writers and publishers. All of these are real people who have an economic interest in what we write–whether it is the few dollars they spend to buy the book or a livelihood for writers and employees in publishing houses.

For me, this comes down to wanting to sleep at night–to believe I’ve acted with integrity. And it seems to be one more way of promoting civility in a society that too often seems to prefer the cheap shot.

Distractions and Good Reading

Do you ever find yourself reading the same passage in a book over again because you realized you just read a page or more while your mind was somewhere else? I’ve got to admit, I’m looking for a little comfort here because it sure happens to me and I hope I’m not the only one and that it is not a sign of some type of advancing senility!

I find it happens most when I’m reading material that is intellectually “dense”. That doesn’t mean it is necessarily bad writing, but rather simply writing that is making a careful, extended argument. I read a certain amount of those kinds of books, mostly in theology or philosophy or sometimes academic books in other areas. I suppose a simple solution might be to not read those kinds of books! But I guess I still want to explore some new (and old) frontiers of ideas.

There are a few things that I do find important that help me in that kind of reading:

1. Do it when I am well-rested and awake. If I’m tired and want to read a bit, much better a light mystery.

2. Read this kind of material in a quiet setting. Sometimes I like to read with music in the background. I’m learning I can’t do that with this kind of material, particularly since I’ve begun singing with a choir–I can easily get distracted by a passage of music, and even more if it is choral.  Maybe this just signifies that, like Winnie the Pooh, I am “a bear of little brain”!

3. Posture matters. Sitting at a table with a hardback chair works best. Or sometimes standing!

4. Sometimes taking notes helps, although I mostly do this for books I’m discussing with a reading group.

5. Books with long, involved sentences sometimes make more sense if I read them aloud. This can be especially helpful if the writing was originally oral material.

6. It helps, if I can, to “unplug”–the computer, the cell phone–all those electronic intrusions that may seem so urgent but rarely are.

7. It helps me to recognize the point of no return–that point where I’m mentally saturated and what I need is time to reflect on what I’ve read rather than to read more.

There is one element of distraction that none of these measures completely helps with. That is that inner voice. Sometimes it is taking me down a rabbit trail from what I’ve read. Sometimes it is thinking about a task that lies ahead in the day or a conversation I had with someone, particularly if it was difficult. Sometimes it is a totally random thought–where did that come from?

Sometimes those distractions need attention. It may be that there is something more important for me to think about or act upon at that moment than what I am reading. Sometimes, a “note to self” allows me to set it aside. Sometimes a prayer helps if it is a concern that has come to my attention. Sometimes, I need to set that book aside to make a call, send an email, or do something. Sometimes, if it is totally random and unimportant, simply realizing my wandering mind and laughing at my puny mental capacity, and picking up where I left off seems best.

I suspect (or at least hope) I’m not alone. So how do you, my reading friends, deal with distractions?

Fifty-two books in a year?

Came across a Huffington Post article this past week on “How to Read a Book a Week“.  Its all about reading goals and the incentive they offer to better reading. And I get that. My own reading goal for the year is 100 books (on Goodreads). So far, I’ve read 24 and will probably make it, which is my own tip for reading goals–set them, but probably lower than what you will actually read. I think reading goals should be fun–maybe a slight stretch but doable.

So, there were some things I liked that the writer of this article mentioned:

  • One day at a time:  he suggests figuring out how many pages the average book one reads and setting a daily goal (say 30 to 40 pages) and try to set aside time early to read. I do have a daily goal in mind and I do read early, before life ramps up and I get into my day.
  • Make it a routine: I try to read first thing each day (which the author does). Don’t always get to do this because of early morning meetings, but this helps.
  • Use every moment: I will often do this if I have enough time to focus on what I’m reading. Otherwise, I often carry a periodical in my bag or on my Kindle that I can read in a few minutes.
  • It’s OK to give up: Some books just don’t turn out to be what we think, or we are not in the place to read them. No use being miserable just to reach some goal.

I had a problem with some of this article because it just seemed pretty OCD–and some of us bibliophiles don’t need any encouragement in that regard!

  • It’s OK to cheat: Sure, there are good short books we can read to reach our goals. But reading short books just to catch up if I’m behind on a reading goal seems to make the goal more important than reading good books–long or short. While I also agree that there is no inherent virtue in long books, I would say that the best thing is to read the book that captures your interest, that enriches your life, that is right for you at the time.
  • Never fall behind: This seems the most OCD to me. Sometimes life happens and there are things more important than reading. Sometimes we are just reading books that take longer than a week.

I agree with the writer’s conclusion that reading can enrich our lives. If a goal, whether reading one book a year, a month, a week, or even a day (as I understand was Teddy Roosevelt’s practice) serves as an on ramp to those riches, great. But let’s keep it rich, not a misery. Sometimes a challenging book takes mental effort to read and is worth it. But making oneself miserable (or just very task-oriented) just to add a book to meet our reading goals seems to defeat the purpose. My two cents, anyway!

 

February: The Month in Reviews

One new feature I would like to try (and get your feedback on) would be to do a post summarizing all the reviews I did over the last month. This can serve as a kind of index for my reviews and hopefully, if you missed one or more when it was first posted, gives you an easy way of finding what I reviewed in the last month.

I actually read quite a bit during February, so here is a good list. Enjoy!

A theology of the crosschina WakesGlorious War

A Theology of the Cross by Charles B. Cousar. This work does a good job of summarizing Paul’s “theology of the cross” using the Pauline epistles most widely accepted as being authored by Paul.

China Wakes: The Struggle for the Soul of a Rising Power by Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn.  This is a fascinating chronicle of Kristof and WuDunn’s stay in China during Tiananmen and the rise of China as an economic and political power.

Glorious War: The Civil War Adventures of George Armstrong Custer by Thom Hatch. Most of us only know the story of the end of Custer’s life at Little Big Horn. Hatch helps fill in the picture, showing the key role Custer played in several Civil War battles, including Gettysburg, as well as chronicling his early years and marriage.

resilient ministryconsequential leadershipReading scripture

Resilient Ministry: What Pastors Told Us About Surviving and Thriving by Bob Burns et al.  These researchers discovered five factors contributing to pastoral excellence through summits with pastors as part of a Lilly research grant.

Consequential Leadership: 15 Leaders Fighting For Our Cities, Our Youth, Our Poor, and Our Culture by Mac Pier. Pier directs the New York Leadership Center and in this capacity is able to profile 15 leaders from a variety of walks of life whose faith and leadership is having a decisive impact in society.

Reading Scripture Together: A Comparative Bible and Qur’an Study Guide by Barbara J Hampton. Out of numerous Christian-Muslim dialogues, Hampton developed this resource to promote a comparison between Christian and Muslim scriptures exploring key areas of belief and key differences as well as similarities between the two faiths.

QuietHoly is the Day

diversityQuiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can’t Stop Talking by Susan Cain. This best-selling book argues that introverts are simply different, not inferior or superior but rather offering unique gifts to the world that arise from their temperament.

Holy is the Day: Living in the Gift of the Present by Carolyn Weber. Weber shares her narrative of learning to live in the present as a mom of three under three who is also a college professor.

When Diversity Drops: Race, Religion, and Affirmative Action in Higher Education by Julie J Park. Park looks at the efforts of an InterVarsity Christian Fellowship at “California University” to increase ethnic diversity and the impact on these efforts that Prop 209 that led to steep declines in ethnic diversity at this campus.

Pilgrim

The New Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan. This is Bunyan’s classic work in an updated edition (which includes only Christian’s journey) with helpful notes and commentary.

I hope you like this recap of what I’ve read that might point you to one or two books you might read in the next month. Tell me what you think.

How Many Books Did You Read in 2013?

Book Riot recently published the results of poll of its followers on questions around their reading habits in 2013. Here is what they discovered:

Responses: 2483 (overall)

Mean-Average of books read: 75

Median number of books: 50

Respondents read anywhere between 2 and 1500 books!

Nearly 75 percent read e-books this past year

Print books still outweigh e-books by roughly 70 to 30 percent read.

Book Riot connects predominantly with an 18-35 year old college-educated constituency. Compare their numbers with a Pew study that found the mean average of books Americans read is 12 with a median average of 5 in a year.

One of the things these numbers suggest to me is that there is a big gulf in reading between a small cadre’ of people who really read a lot, and the vast majority who read little. There are some questions this basic gulf raises for me:

1. Was it always this way or is the gulf widening?

2. Do numbers tell the whole story? What are we reading? Is there greater worth in reading one great work of fiction than fifty romance novels?

3. How much time are people spending in any type of reading? Are we reading more online posts, magazine articles?

4. While we know that more are reading on tablets and e-readers, and even smartphones, does this translate into any more books being read?

I participated in the Book Riot poll. My own totals were 121 books read and for me it was roughly an 80% to 20% split between print and e-books.  I’d be curious for those of you who track such things, what were your reading numbers like in 2013 and what are you observing about how you read?

What Will You Be Reading During the Next Snow Storm?

In our patch of Midwest, we are currently hearing forecasts of 6-10 inches or more of snow on Sunday. Will winter never end? Of course in my town this means a mass descent on the local grocery stores where people buy enough food for a month even though we’ll be dug out within a day or two. [See my post on Ten Things Columbus People Do When Snow is Forecast.]  I wonder, do book lovers make an equivalent descent on local bookstores or libraries preceding similar weather events?

January 25 storm looking out our front door

January 25 storm looking out our front door

It seems to me that “snow days” like this are a delicious invitation to curl up with a book (or three), a warm cup of something, a comfortable chair and maybe some good music. That is Nirvana to this introvert!

So if you are sharing in the latest version of “snowmageddon” or anticipating something like this in the future, what are the books you’d like to curl up with. Here are a few that I’m looking forward to:

Pilgrim’s Regress by C.S. Lewis. A group of us are starting to read it and this should be a good chance to get some of that reading done and see what Lewis did with this classic idea of a pilgrimage.

This feels like a great time for an Agatha Christie mystery.  I have a few of those on my Kindle and so I might just pull one of them up.

I’m in the midst of wading through a couple more serious books and I’ll probably take some time at my most attentive (usually mornings) to make some headway in Jesus the Sage by Ben Witherington exploring how Jesus represents the culmination of the Jewish wisdom tradition and in Andres Tapia’s The Inclusion Paradox, a book that is assigned reading for an upcoming conference.  The latter so far has been an eye-opening tour of how diverse our marketplaces are becoming and how businesses, non-profits, and educational institutions all need to take this on board. What is unique about this book is that Tapia sees diversity and inclusion not primarily through the lenses of challenges, problems or recruitment strategies, but rather as an opportunity for growth.

Lastly, I hope to finish off Paul Miller’s Praying Life, a very practical book that has been opening my eyes to the opportunities for prayerfulness in daily life.

Of course the one challenge to these great aspirations is that sometime I’ll have to get out and shovel all of that snow! But even just the thought of some time to curl up with a book is delicious. What about you?

When Reading Challenges Aren’t Such a Good Idea

I came across a post on Book Riot that reminded me that reading goals might not always be such a good thing. Any of us on Goodreads is familiar with the “Reading Challenge” and also some of the kinds of stats you can look up on your profile page. And some of you are already feeling bad about the goal you set for this year.

Each year, Goodreads allows you to set a “reading challenge” for yourself and provides a nifty little progress bar that gives you the percent of books you’ve read. It also includes above the bar how many books you’ve read toward your goal and below the bar how far ahead or behind you are. Currently mine says, “You have read 18 of 100 books” and “4 books ahead of schedule”. And it is that last phrase that can get you. Some of us are just compulsive enough to feel bad if we get behind. We might even change our reading choices from “goodreads” to “quickreads” to catch up.

1914

If you enter the “Reading Challenge” you can also see how other friends are doing who enter the challenge. Alternately, this allows you to gloat or feel shame, depending on how you are doing. If that is not OCD enough for you, there is a stats page that will tell you how many pages you’ve read so far this year and how many pages you’ve read in previous years. Still haven’t had enough? There is an explore tab with the menu item “people”. You can find out for example the top readers in the US (this week, someone from California who has read the insane number of 2428 books this week) or the top reviewer (who has reviewed 227 books this week). One look at that list and I realized I will never make the top 50.

The question that we should ask though is what does any of this have to do with good reading? The short answer is, “Absolutely nothing!” It seems to me the question of whether you do a challenge or not, whether you complete a challenge or not, and how many pages you read or reviews you write has nothing to do with good reading. Good reading has to do with finding great writing that captures your imagination, enlarges your world and changes the way you look at it and engage with it. Whether you read one book, or five, or a hundred is beside the point. The real question is what your reading experience is like reading those books. Some thoughts on what makes for good reading–some of which I’ve probably shared before:

1. Good reading starts with setting aside time where you can be attentive to the book before you. Depending on the season of life, that could be anywhere from a few minutes to a few hours. For some, 10 minutes hiding out in the bathroom may be the best you can do!

2. Of course, good reading takes a good book. Now “good” can cover a wide variety of meanings for us and I think there are “good” books in every genre from theology to sports writing. There is also badly written stuff, and stuff that is just “mind candy.” Actually, I wouldn’t worry too much about this. Over time, you learn what is good for you, and what doesn’t speak to you.

3. I do think a good read doesn’t simply amuse us but also helps us get a better take on life and the world around us. Conversely, bad writing panders to our fantasies and paranoias. Those books may engage us, but they also distort our vision of the world we actually live in.

4. The best books are those from which we come away changed for good. Maybe one question we should ask ourselves is whether this is one of our reasons for reading.

5. Good reads take us into community. We want to share that book with another so that we can talk with them about it. Or we pick up a book because of what it has meant to a friend. Or a group of our friends are reading it together.

So, if a reading challenge is encouraging you to carve out time in your life to read good books, great! If it just feeds an OCD thing or is a source of guilt, ditch it for the leisurely soaking in a good book, even if it is the only one you read this year!

Harvard Book Store’s Top 100

Only have time for a brief post today. Came across Harvard Book Store’s Top 100 list.  Several observations:

1. If I am correct, I’ve only read 30 on this list! Yay! There are still good books out there I haven’t read.

2. I was glad to see some of my personal favorites on the list including The Lord of the RingsThe Chronicles of Narnia, and Jayber Crow.

3. I was saddened that Cry, the Beloved Country  was not included. This work ranks for me up with Hemingway’s writing, and in many ways is far more moving as a tale of reconciliation.

4. Can’t figure out how Hundred Years of Solitude made #4.

5. Kind of wonder if the Harry Potter stories or Hitchhikers Guide will still make this list in 25 years.

6. I appreciated the foreign authors and need to dip into some folk like Calvino, Murakami, and others.

7. I was happily surprised to see two of Marilynne Robinson’s books in this list, Housekeeping and Gilead.

8. David Foster Wallace and Neil Gaiman keep popping up. Need to read them sometime.

If you’ve had a chance to look over this list, what surprised you and why? How many have you read?

 

 

Is Amazon Good for Books?

That probably seems like a no-brainer if you are a reader. Of course Amazon is good for books! I can find practically any book in print in the universe on Amazon.  Why wouldn’t Amazon be good for books?

Then consider all the authors who are self-publishing or whose work is being picked up by Amazon Singles or other Amazon publishing ventures. Isn’t this good for aspiring writers who get overlooked by the Big Five publishers?

George Packer, in his current New Yorker article “Cheap Words” isn’t so sure. It is a long article that traces Amazon’s history from its initial beginning as an online bookseller to the present day. Several things I gleaned from the article:

1. Fewer people are reading and bookselling must market as efficiently as possible to those of us who tend to read lots of books.

2. Amazon’s pricing and the percentage it takes on each sale is squeezing publisher profits more than ever even while publishers are becoming ever more dependent upon Amazon as their primary outlet for sales.

3. Amazon’s e-publishing (Kindle versions of works from other publishers, self-published e-books, and Amazon e-published materials) is tending to foster the notion of books as things of little and ephemeral value–“widgets”.

Some publishers are trying to respond with their own efforts to “direct online market” both print and digital content. But generally, they’ve been way behind the curve on this and Amazon is still a major source of sales these publishers can’t ignore.

Packer concludes with observing that the major publishers, as well as smaller houses have been a form of “gate keeper” for quality content. He acknowledges that this is admittedly elitist. The question arises however of what will happen to quality should Amazon be the only significant gate keeper left?

A few thoughts of my own. I wonder if there may be some form of self-correcting mechanism that will come into play here.  Will Amazon be forced to work out better pricing structures with publishers so they don’t “kill the goose”? Will publishers be forced to become more competitive in looking for promising talent? And will publishers develop more direct alliances with their customers? It may be that smaller houses might be especially nimble in developing ways to reach their target markets without being so reliant on Amazon.

What strikes me is that there may be room for creative entrepreneurship in the publishing industry. Frankly, those of us who love good writing better hope so–and be willing to reward the innovators with our trade.